Forms of Qi (Life Force) - Vital Substances in TCM

• Yuan Qi (Original Qi, Ancestral Qi)
• Gu Qi (Food or Nourishment Qi)
• Zong Qi (Gathering Qi, Qi of the Chest)
• Zhen Qi (True Qi)
• Zhong Qi (Central Qi)
• Zheng Qi (Upright Qi)

Yuan Qi

Yuan Qi is said to be Essence that has been transformed into Qi, or Jing in motion. Yuan Qi has it's root in the Kidneys and spread throughout the body by the San Jiao (Triple Burner). It is the foundation of all the Yin and Yang energies of the body. Yuan Qi, like Prenatal Jing, is hereditary, fixed in quantity, but nourished by Postnatal Jing.

Yuan Qi Functions:

• It is the dynamic force that motivates the functional activity of the internal organs, and is the foundation of vitality.
• It circulates all over the body in the channels, relying on the transporting system of the San Jiao (Triple Burner).
• It is the basis of Kidney Qi, and dwells between the two Kidneys, at the Gate of Vitality (Ming Men).
• It facilitates the transformation of Qi. Yuan Qi is the spark of change, transforming Zong Qi into Zhen Qi.
• Yuan Qi participates in the production of blood by facilitating the transformation of Gu Qi into Blood.
• It emerges and stays at the 12 Source points.

Gu Qi (Food Qi)

Gu Qi is the first stage in the transformation of food. Food is first "Rotted and Ripened" by the stomach and then sent to the Spleen to make Gu Qi, still in unusable form.

Gu Qi is sent from the Middle Burner (housing the Spleen and Stomach) to the Upper Burner (housing the Lungs and Heart), where it combines with air to form Zong Qi.

Part of the Gu Qi from the Middle Burner is also sent to the Lungs, then passes to the Heart, where (with the help of Yuan Qi and Kidney Qi), it is transformed into Blood.

Zong Qi (Gathering Qi)

The Spleen sends Gu Qi up to the Lungs, where (with the help of Yuan Qi and Kidney Qi) it combines with air and transforms into Zong Qi.

Zong Qi Functions:

• Nourishes the Heart and Lungs and forms the basis for the involuntary functions of heartbeat and respiration.
• Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) assists the Lungs in controlling Qi and respiration and the heart's function of governing the Blood and Blood Vessels. If Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) is weak, the extremities, especially the hands, will be weak or cold.
• Gathers in the throat and influences speech (which is under control of the Heart) and the strength of voice (under control of Lungs). Strength of Zong Qi can be determined from the health of Heart, Lungs, and from circulation and voice. Weak Zong Qi: Weak voice, weak circulation to hands.
• Easily affected by emotional problems. For example, grief weakens the Lungs and disperses energy in chest.
• Zong Qi and Yuan Qi mutually assist each other. Zong Qi flows downward to aid the Kidneys. Yuan Qi flows upward to aid in respiration (and the formation of Zong Qi).

Zhen Qi (True Qi)

Also called "Normal" Qi. Zong Qi is transformed into Zhen Qi with the help of Yuan Qi. Zhen Qi is the final stage in the transformation and refinement of Qi. It is the Qi that circulates in the channels and nourishes the organs.

Zhen Qi has two different forms:

• Ying Qi
• Wei Qi

Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi)

Ying Qi nourishes the internal organs and the whole body. It is closely related to Blood, and flows with Blood in the vessels as well in the channels.

It is the Qi that is activated by insertion of an acupuncture needle.

Ying Qi spends two hours in each channel, moving through all twelve channels in a twenty four hour period. During these periods, the specific organs are nourished and maintained by the Ying Qi.

Wei Qi (Protective Qi)

Wei Qi is more Yang than Nutritive Qi. Fast moving, "slippery" and easily motivated.

Primarily on the Exterior (skin and muscles). Travels both inside and outside the channels. Flows primarily in the superficial layers of the body, especially in the Tendino-Muscular meridians.

Wei Qi Functions:

• To protect the body from attack by exogenous (coming from outside) pathogenic influences e.g., Wind, Cold, Heat, Dampness).
• To warm, moisten and aid in nourishing skin and muscles.
  To adjust opening and closing of pores (thus regulating sweating and regulating the body temperature).
• Wei Qi is controlled by the Lungs, which regulates its circulation to the skin. Lungs also disseminate fluids to moisten the skin and muscles. These fluids mix with Wei Qi. (Perspiration function depends on the Lungs ability to circulate Wei Qi and fluids to the exterior).

Deficient Wei Qi can lead to spontaneous sweating (pores not correctly opened and closed, so that the fluids escape).

When an exogenous pathogen (e.g., Wind-Cold) invades the Exterior, the pathogen can block the pores, inhibiting the function of the Wei Qi, and blocking sweating. The treatment is to restore the Lungs' function of dispersing, strengthen the Wei Qi and produce sweating, to expel the pathogen. Sweating therapy is often used in the early stages of a Wind-Cold pathogenic invasion.

Circulation: Wei Qi has a complex circulation pattern, of 50 cycles during a 24 hour period, 25 times in the day and 25 at night.

In the daytime, Wei Qi circulates in the Exterior, but at night it goes into the Interior and circulates in the Yin Organs.

From midnight to noon, the Wei Qi is exteriorizing, and is at its maximum strength on the Exterior at noon.

From noon to midnight, the Wei Qi gradually withdraws into the Interior, to protect the Yin Organs.

This is why one is more apt to catch cold at night rather than in the daytime, since the Wei Qi has withdrawn to the Interior at night. Sleeping under an open window at night, for example, gives exogenous pathogens a better chance for attack than during the daytime, since the Exterior of the body is less well protected.

Zhong Qi (Central Qi)

This is the Qi that is derived from food by the Stomach and Spleen (Postnatal Essence). Central Qi is another way to define Stomach and Spleen Qi, i.e., the Qi of the Middle Jiao (the Center). It is often used to describe the pathological condition where the Spleen Qi is deficient and has caused organ prolapse ("Deficiency of Center Qi").

Zheng Qi (Upright Qi)

A general term to describe the various forms of Qi that protect the body from exogenous pathogens. Usually only used when contrasting the strength of the body's Qi with the strength of the invading pathogen.